Science Snippets
September 20th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Some scientists, when doing their research, realize that something is missing Few of them are capable of developing something new, a new method, a new tool, that allows them to do that experiment they want to do. Even fewer of them find that their innovation becomes a useful tool for many other scientists. This is why such developments are revolutionary, because they can advance research in many fields. I was fortunate to meet some of these people. So please, let me show off! I will add more names later on. Norman Good (1917-1992) Buffers are crucial tools in biochemistry and physiology because life depends on regulation of pH (acidity of…
September 14th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
We need to start with the basics: what is a pore, and why they are so important. There will be some repetition here but I hope our readers will not mind too much. As usual, feel free to skip whatever is too boring, but, hidden within the boring stuff you may find some useful facts you have not heard about in the past. Celebrities’ photos how no pores. This is not because celebrities have no pores but because magazines use Photoshop to a ridiculous extent. Is this a problem? I think it is. False advertising makes women buy products that can’t possibly have the effect advertised, which was obtained with…
September 2nd, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
pe·jo·ra·tive /pəˈjôrədiv/ adjective: expressing contempt or disapproval. To say that the epidermis is made of dead cells is to diminish its importance and to promote the (false) idea that it is OK to tamper with it with expensive devices and chemicals. In any case, it is a bad idea to use pejorative terms when talking about our bodies, and that includes our skin. The skin is very a very complex organ, the result of evolutionary processes that occurred through millions of years (you can google Saccorhytus). The skin makes it possible for humans to survive outside the water. In Arizona, that can mean 29% relative humidity like today, meaning that…
August 17th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
ideas did not amount to science, in that they did not lend themselves to rigorous proof. Look at this description: “Gokujyun Lotion, and other Hada Labo and Hada Labo Tokyo™ products have a unique and powerful combination of 3 types of Hyaluronic Acid, designed to restore and strengthen skin’s natural hydrating ability and youthful qualities. 1 of the 3, Micro Hyaluronic Acid, is smaller than 50 kDa, and due to its micro size, it penetrates deep into skin to infuse moisture below the surface, providing skin replenishment and moisturization from the inside-out.” It “sounds” scientific: the words micro and hyaluronic acid convey seriousness. The rest if advertising parlance. And this is how scientific language sounds. Less interesting but…
August 17th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
I would choose two: Drs Luis Leloir and Carlos Cardini. They were also among the very best scientists I ever met, and leaders of a scientific group that achieved Nobel prize fame. They were also great at promoting women and respectful and kind. From one of my articles: “Although the basic studies in starch biosynthesis were carried out in England during the 1940s and led to the discovery of phosphorylase and Q enzyme (branching enzyme), the basis of our modern ideas originated in Argentina from the work of Luis F. Leloir and Carlos E. Cardini. During the late 1950s, they established that nucleoside diphosphate glucose was involved in the synthesis…
August 17th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
I never felt jealous of Elizabeth Holmes, the infamous founder of Theranos, a company that sold science fiction as health care (Walgreens bought into it). Her photo on magazine covers did not impress me. I am human, I do get jealous of scientists that achieve something important and useful or just beautiful, because sometimes experiments are beautifully done and they become more than science, almost a work of art. But in the case of E.H., I knew that she was trying to con the world. I have many decades of biochemistry on me and I know how to analyze scientific (or pseudo-scientific) talk. I still resent the fact that so…
August 16th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
If you ever feel the temptation of instant “lifting” and “plumping”, resist! I will explain why. It is true that wrinkles and skin pigmentation problems are the typical mark of aging, but so is the change in shape of your face, including the “under eye” shadows that bother so many women. And yet, nobody talks about that change o shape, except maybe to try to sell you products for skin sculpting. This is pretty silly, because “skin sculpting” is not possible. It is an advertising formula that has no meaning in real life. Our faces are not made of butter or clay, they cannot be sculpted. Buy why is this…
August 10th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
I have discussed before in this blog the importance of the skin as a barrier and what happens when it gets disrupted. The skin barrier and how it works. This is about sensitive skin. A quick search of the blog will take you to dozens of posts related to the skin barrier. The “acid mantle” is part of the skin barrier, and probably one you don’t have to worry about unless you keep washing your hands with an antiquated alkaline bar of soap. Most soaps now are milder, more acidic and contain detergents rather than alkaline soap (or a mix). Even when washed with the wrong kind of soap, the…
July 31st, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
One should think that, as more people use sunscreen, skin cancer incidence would decrease. Actually, the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer is increasing worldwide despite the increased use of sunscreens. In 2014, the USA Surgeon General estimated that 2.2-5.0 million people were treated annually for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Why is there more skin cancer despite the use of sunscreen? I am not epidemiologist (and I have not seen explanations in the literature) but I can think of some reasons. The feeling of invincibility that sunscreen, makes people spend more time in the sun. The average age of the population is increasing. All things being equal, all…
July 22nd, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
A burn by any other name is a burn. Plasma sounds so scientific, it has been used before to baptize old skin care products. But those products did not burn your skin! Show me the research! It does not exist. But “plasma pens” are available to hurt your skin and some people are ready to pay for this experimental “treatment”. Once again, women will pay for damage done to their skin and hair, just as they have done for decades (centuries)? Would you pay a stranger for burning your skin? Women do. “Health Canada is advising consumers that plasma pens (also known as “fibroblast” devices), promoted for cosmetic skin treatments…
July 12th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Yes, they can both be true. If there was ever an example of why you should not have “absolute”preferences (be dogmatic about a subject), this is it. I have posted a lot about natural vs. synthetic chemicals in skin care that you may wonder if I have anything new to say. I think I do. It is unlikely that a natural chemical will be bad for you, unless they are trying to sell you a poisonous plant extract like Nerium oleander as skin care (!). This does not happen very often simply because there are not that many silly people willing to spend money on a poison. Case 1) Natural…
July 11th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
How come Jonatan Funtowicz is so interested in ROS*? Maybe by osmosis? He does not remember it but he was a quasi godson of a pioneer of the ROS* toxicity field, Dr Rebeca Gerschman, Dr Gerschman (1903-1986) was an Argentinian scientist who, together with Daniel Gilbert, discovered oxygen toxicity, a problem that later developed on a whole new field of research, that of reactive oxygen species and aging. She helped me when I was a budding scientist doing research with Rodolfo Sanchez on the effect of oxygen on seed germination . At the time (after Second World War II), oxygen was believed to be benign and only benign, but Dr.…
June 18th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Lazy is not bad unless you are repeating old formulas that everybody knows don’t work. To those who think that foreign companies make better skin care products, here comes a warning: Babor, is a German company that uses very American run-of-the-mill ingredients to sell products with huge mark-ups. Here, again, the brand value is in the ridiculously high price; it is certainly not in the quality of the ingredients. Another irritating fact: they baptize old, inexpensive ingredients with novelty names and then they leave you to try to guess which ingredient is which. Maybe it doesn’t matter? Here are some examples: “Telovitin, extends the life cycle of skin cells. Agicyl,…
June 14th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Argan oil is extracted from the seeds of the fruit of the argan tree (Argania spinosa). The fruit takes a long time to mature and is not really edible, it is used as animal feed. Everything in the fruit is used: the peel and pulp of the fruit for animal feed, and the same for the paste that remains of the kernel after the oil is extracted by pressing. The nut inside the fruit contains one (occasionally two or three) small, oil-rich seeds; the oil is pressed from these seeds. The method used to extract the oil depends on what is available. Using stones is the most basic method. The…
June 14th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
How much is too much? The answer to this apparently simple question is very complicated: as complicated as the number of ingredients used in skin care. Also, for a good answer, you may have to go to numbers that are much smaller than a percent (1%) and go to parts per million. In the best of cases more is likely to be a waste of money. You are throwing away the money you spent on the active by trying to add more. For example, if you add more ascorbic acid to a serum than will possibly dissolve (as determined by the laws of nature and how water interacts with ascorbic…
June 13th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Copper is present in our water and air. Depending on how old is your house, there may be too much copper in your water. Depending on where you live, there may be too much copper in your air. But we need copper for good health. How much? We have very important enzymes that depend on copper for activity: cytochrome oxidase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase and more. Why is copper so important in these enzymes? Because of its capacity to take and donate electrons. Tyrosinase, for example, is an oxidase that we need to make melanin, the skin and hair pigment. For people who are trying to lighten their skin, or…
June 4th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Let’s first make clear that products sold in the USA must be safe for the user. Products manufactured in the USA usually are, because big companies are very careful to follow the law. Small companies like Skin Actives are particularly careful but there are many products, especially imported from countries with lax law enforcement that I would not risk. However (there is always a “however”) what you buy somewhere may not necessarily follow FDA guidelines and the handful of inspectors still working at the FDA can’t cope with the millions of products manufactured here or imported every year. So don’t assume anything. Read the ingredient list, always and if you…
May 31st, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Not directly but via infection that you could have avoided with a vaccine, and now with melanoma or other skin cancers that you could prevent using sunscreen. Some people make money , blood money, by spreading misinformation, especially in the USA. This is because in the USA almost anybody can start a not-for-profit foundation and allocate themselves ridiculously high salaries. They can also create companies that will benefit from false advertising spread by their foundations. We know who are the winners. But who are the losers? The innocent victims are the children that may end up with broken bodies (or dead) because of a bacteria for which we already have…
May 31st, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Many thanks to Skin Actives client Marla for a link to this video, that will give you a taste of how not good for you natural stuff can be. From my book: “Nature is made of chemicals. Many people have forgotten what they learned about nature and chemistry in high school and they get confused when they read on the internet about the dangers of synthetic chemicals. For some, the past may be a golden age, because they don’t remember (most were not alive) the time before antibiotics were discovered and vaccines were invented. People who don’t spend much time in a natural environment may see nature as a benefactor,…
May 28th, 2019 by Dr. Hannah Sivak
Profiles in Science Frances Arnold Turns Microbes Into Living Factories Instead of synthesizing new biochemicals from scratch, the Nobel Prize-winning chemist puts nature to the task — with astonishing results. By Natalie Angier May 28, 2019 PASADENA, Calif. — The engineer’s mantra, said Frances Arnold, a professor of chemical engineering at the California Institute of Technology, is: “Keep it simple, stupid.” But Dr. Arnold, who last year became just the fifth woman in history to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, is the opposite of stupid, and her stories sometimes turn rococo. Take the happy images on her office Wall of Triumph. Here’s a picture of a beaming President Obama,…